Njengokwenzeka njalo kwe-myopic, zonke izinhlobo zezingilazi ze-myopic zivela ngokungapheli, ngakho-ke umbala washintsha kanjani izibuko ze-myopic waba yinkinga wonke umuntu ayikhathalela kakhulu.Ngoba izibuko ze-myopia ezishintsha umbala zibukeka zizinhle, ngakho-ke ukukhetha kweziguli eziningi ze-myopic, ngezansi ukuze uthole izibuko ze-myopia ezishintsha umbala ukuthi zingakwethula kanjani ngokuningiliziwe.
Ilensi ye-photochromic yenziwa ngokwengeza inani elifanele le-bromide esiliva ne-copper oxide micrograins engilazini evamile.Uma ichayeke ekukhanyeni okunamandla, i-bromide eyisiliva ihlukana ibe isiliva ne-bromine.Izinhlamvu ezincane zesiliva ezibolayo zinikeza ingilazi umbala onsundu ngokumnyama.Lapho ukukhanya kuncipha, isiliva ne-bromine kwakucutshungulwa i-copper oxide ukuze kwakheke i-bromide esiliva futhi.Ngenxa yalokho, umbala wamalensi uphinde waba lula.
"Amalensi e-photochromic" asesitayeleni ngokwedlulele kanye "namalensi elanga acwebile"
Ifanele bonke abantu, kuhlanganise nabantu abangaboni kahle
Okokuqala, i-lens yenziwe ngengilazi enemibala
Ingilazi eshintsha umbala uma ikhanyiswe ukukhanya kwe-wavelength efanelekile futhi ibuyisele umbala wayo wangempela lapho umthombo wokukhanya ukhishwa.Eyaziwa nangokuthi ingilazi ye-photochromic noma ingilazi yombala okhanyayo.Ingilazi eshintsha umbala yenziwa ngokwengeza impahla yombala okhanyayo endilazini eluhlaza.Le nto inama-molecule amabili ahlukene noma isimo sesakhiwo se-elekthronikhi, endaweni yokukhanya ebonakalayo kukhona i-coefficient yokumunca ezimbili ezihlukene, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokukhanya, ingasuka kwesinye isakhiwo iye kolunye uhlobo lwesakhiwo, imbangela yokuguqulwa kombala okuguqulwayo, okuvamile okuqukethe isiliva. ingilazi yombala we-halide, i-aluminium engilazini ye-sodium borate ukwengeza inani elincane le-halide esiliva (AgX) njengesinzwa, Ngemva kokwengeza umkhondo we-copper kanye ne-cadmium ion njengesinzwa, ingilazi iyahlanganiswa futhi iphathwe ukushisa ezingeni lokushisa elifanele ukwenza isiliva. i-halide igxile ezinhlayiyeni.Lapho ikhanyiswa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet noma igagasi elifushane lokukhanya okubonakalayo, ama-ion ayisiliva ancipha abe ama-athomu esiliva, futhi inqwaba yama-athomu esiliva abuthana abe yi-colloid ukuze enze umbala wengilazi;Lapho ukukhanya kuma, ama-athomu esiliva aba ama-ion esiliva futhi afiphele ngaphansi kwemisebe yemisebe eshisayo noma ukukhanya kwegagasi elide (okubomvu noma i-infrared).
Ingilazi ye-Silver halide eshintsha umbala akulula ukukhathala, ngemva kokushintsha okungaphezu kuka-300,000 ekukhanyeni nasethunzini, namanje akuhluleki, kuyinto evamile yokwenza izibuko ezishintsha umbala.Ingilazi eshintsha umbala ingabuye isetshenziselwe ukugcinwa kolwazi nokuboniswa, ukuguqulwa kwesithombe, ukulawula ukukhanya nokulungiswa.
Okwesibili, isimiso sokushintsha umbala
Izibuko lapho ilensi ishintsha umbala ngokuzenzakalelayo njengoba kushintsha ukukhanya kwe-ambient.Igama eligcwele izibuko ze-photochromic, ezaziwa nangokuthi izibuko ezinemibala ekhanyayo.Umbala welensi uba mnyama futhi ukudluliswa kokukhanya kuyehla lapho ilensi ikhanyiswa yi-ultraviolet kanye nokukhanya okubonakalayo kwamaza amafushane ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga.Kulensi yasendlini noma emnyama ukukhanya kuyanda, kufiphala ukuze kubuyiselwe ukubona.I-photochromism yelensi iyazenzakalela futhi iyabuyiseleka emuva.Izibuko ezishintsha umbala zingalungisa ukudluliswa kokukhanya ngokushintsha kombala welensi, ukuze iso lomuntu likwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kokukhanya kwemvelo, kunciphise ukukhathala okubonakalayo, kuvikele amehlo.Ilensi ye-Chromic chromic ngaphambi kokuhlukaniswa ngaphandle kombala wesisekelo nombala okhanyayo unezinhlobo ezimbili zombala wesisekelo;Umbala ngemva kokushintsha umbala ngokuyisisekelo unezinhlobo ezimbili ezimpunga, ezi-tawny.
Ngo-1964 iCorning Glass Company yasungula ingilazi ye-photochromic.Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abakhulu emhlabeni bamalensi engilazi aguquliwe angenalutho yinkampani yengilazi ye-corning yase-United States ne-France, inkampani yengilazi ekhethekile yase-Germany Schott Group kanye nenkampani yase-UK Chance Pilkington.I-Beijing, i-China, nabanye abakhiqizi bakhiqiza umbala - ukushintsha amalensi.
Ilensi ye-chromic iqukethe i-silver halide (i-silver chloride, i-bromide eyisiliva) ama-microcrystals.Uma kuvezwe ekukhanyeni okucushiwe okufana nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet noma ukukhanya okufushane kwe-wavelength okubonakalayo, i-ion ye-halide ikhipha ama-electron, athwetshulwa i-ion eyisiliva, futhi ukusabela okulandelayo kwenzeka:
I-halide esiliva engenambala ihlukana ibe ama-athomu esiliva acwebile kanye nama-athomu e-halogen akhanyayo, adonsa ukukhanya futhi enze ilensi ingabonakali ngale.Njengoba i-halogen ekulensi yokushintsha umbala ingaphunyuki, ukusabela okubuyiselekayo kungenzeka.Ngemva kokususwa kokukhanya kokuvula, isiliva ne-halogen kuhlanganiswa kabusha ukuze kubuyiselwe ilensi esimweni sayo sasekuqaleni esicacile, esingenambala noma esinombala okhanyayo.Okuqukethwe kwe-silver halide micrograins cishe ku-4×1015 / cm3, ububanzi bungaba ngu-80 ~ 150, futhi ibanga eliphakathi kwezinhlayiya lingaba ngu-600. Izici ze-photochromic zamalensi okushintsha umbala zichazwa yijika lesici elimnyama - ukubuyisela (bheka umfanekiso).I-TO iyindlela yokuqala yokudlulisela ingilazi yelensi ngaphambi kokuchayeka, futhi i-TD iwukudluliselwa kwelensi ku-550nm wavelength ngemva kokuchayeka KU-5× 104Lx isibani se-xenon imizuzu engu-15.I-THF isikhathi sokubuyisela uhhafu, okungukuthi, isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze ukudluliselwa kwelensi eguquliwe ukuze kululame ngemva kokuma.Ikhwalithi ephezulu yokuguqula umbala we-lens kufanele ibe sobala, ingaqukathi umbala we-emulsifying nokucwebezela, isikhathi sokubuyisela isigamu sifushane, ukululama ngokushesha.Ukudluliselwa kwangempela kwamalensi ekhromic ngaphandle kombala oyinhloko cishe kungama-90%.Ukudluliswa kwangempela kwamalensi echromatic anombala oyinhloko kungaba ngaphansi kuka-60 ~ 70%.Ukudluliswa kombala ojwayelekile wengilazi yelanga eshintsha ilensi kwehla kuye ku-20 ~ 30% ngemuva kokushintsha kombala kokukhanya.Uhlobo olunethezekile lokushintsha kombala kwelensi akujulile, ukuguquguquka okukhanyayo ngemva kokudlulisela cishe ku-40 ~ 50%.
Okwesithathu, inqubo yokukhiqiza
Izingilazi ezishintsha umbala zisebenzisa ingilazi eshintsha umbala ngokusho kokwakheka ihlukaniswe ingilazi ye-borosilicate eshintsha umbala kanye nengilazi ye-aluminium phosphate eshintsha umbala.I-China, i-United States, iJalimane nezinye ingilazi ye-borosilicate, i-United Kingdom isebenzisa ingilazi ye-aluminium phosphate.
Ukukhiqizwa kwengilazi ye-lens eshintsha umbala ingenalutho kuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwenhlanganisela, ukuncibilika kwengilazi, ukucindezela ukubumba kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa.Inqubo yokuncibilika eqhubekayo isetshenziswa ekuncibilikeni kwengilazi eshintshe umbala emhlabeni, futhi kunezindlela ezimbili zokuncibilika kwe-platinum crucible eyodwa kanye nokuncibilika okuqhubekayo e-China.Ngemuva kokuthi i-lens eshintsha umbala icindezelwe ibe yisimo, ukwelashwa kokushisa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile kwezinga lokushisa ukwenza isigaba sengilazi sihlukaniswe futhi silawulwe ukuze kukhiqizwe inani elikhulu lama-microcrystals esiliva e-halide esiliva ahlakazekile, anikeza i-lens photochromism.
Okwesine, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto
Ingilazi equkethe i-bromide esiliva (noma i-silver chloride) kanye ne-trace copper oxide iwuhlobo lwengilazi eshintshashintsha umbala, lapho ingaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga noma emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, i-bromide eyisiliva iba nokubola, ama-athomu esiliva (AgBr==Ag+Br), amandla e-athomu esiliva ukuheha ukukhanya okubonakalayo, lapho ama-athomu esiliva eqoqwe enombolweni ethile, ingxenye ekhanyayo engilazini iyamuncwa, Ingilazi esobala engenambala ekuqaleni iba ifilimu ngalesi sikhathi, lapho ingilazi ingena ebumnyameni, ngemuva kokushintsha kombala ngaphansi kwe-catalysis yethusi. i-oxide, isiliva nama-athomu e-bromine angahlangana abe i-bromide yesiliva (Ag + Br = = AgBr), ngoba ama-ion esiliva awakutholi ukukhanya okubonakalayo, ngakho ingilazi ngeke ingabi nambala, ibonakale, lokhu kuyisimiso esiyisisekelo sokushintsha umbala kwengilazi.
Yenza ingilazi yefasitela ngengilazi yokushintsha umbala, ingenza ukukhanya okudlula ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo kube phansi futhi kube nomuzwa opholile, shintsha ingilazi yombala futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza i-sun lens, ishintshe izibuko zamehlo kusuka kulokhu.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukuhlolwa kwe-photometric kuphela okufaniswa ngokunembile ngeke kubangele ukulimala kweso, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye kweso akufani, ngakho-ke ungakumeli ngezibuko ngemva kokuba i-diopter ingakhuli.Umbala wemakethe welensi ye-myopic ngokuyinhloko ukuguquguquka kongqimba lwefilimu kanye nokushintsha umbala kwesisekelo sefilimu izinhlobo ezimbili, umehluko ukuthi ifilimu ishintsha isivinini sokusabela siyashesha, awukho umehluko wombala, intengo ibiza kancane.Ijubane le-substrate lihamba kancane, uma idigri yesobunxele nesokudla ingeke ibonakale umehluko wombala, kodwa iyathengeka, isikhathi eside sokusebenzisa.Uma ingcolile, ayinconywa ukuthi igqoke isikhathi eside.
Shintsha umbala izibuko ze-myopic zisetshenziswa kalula, azidingi izibuko ezikhethekile, yizibuko zesiguli se-myopic.Nokho, kuthatha isikhathi ukushintsha umbala, ongafanele ezindaweni lapho ukukhanya kushintsha khona ngokushesha futhi kungenakushintshwa unomphela.I-myopia yobude kanye nomuntu onomehluko omkhulu wezinga lamehlo amabili afanele angafani noshintsho lombala.
Kuthiwani ngezibuko ze-myopia ezishintsha umbala?Empeleni shintsha umbala wezingilazi ze-myopic kanye nezingenambala ezifanayo, ngeke kwenze idigri yamehlo ijule ngenxa yokuthatha umbala, gqoka izibuko ukuze ufune ukunaka leyo mininingwane kuphela, ungaqambi amanga ngokwesibonelo, funda incwadi, ubukele i-TV futhi usebenzise ikhompyutha kuze kube manje. unganciki eduze kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho i-myopic degree nayo iyakwazi ukujula kancane.
Saw ngenhla ukuze "ushintshe umbala wezibuko ze-myopia ukuthi kanjani" wethula, kholwa ukuthi uzwisisile ukuthi ungashintsha umbala wezibuko ze-myopia.Khumbuza, ngezibuko ze-myopia kufanele uye emnyangweni we-optometry ojwayelekile, ukuze ungenzi amaphutha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-04-2021