Ulwazi lwe-lens
Okokuqala, i-lens optics
Amalensi okulungisa: inhloso eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwezibuko ukulungisa iphutha le-refractive leso lomuntu nokwandisa umbono.Izibuko ezinomsebenzi onjalo zibizwa ngokuthi "izibuko zokulungisa".
Izibuko zokulungisa ngokuvamile ziyi-lens eyodwa, eyenziwe ngengilazi noma ipulasitiki ecacile.Okulula kakhulu kuyinhlanganisela yama-sphere amabili aqukethe i-stroma ekhanyelayo nefanayo eminyene kunomoya, ngokuhlangene ebizwa ngokuthi ilensi.Umsebe wokukhanya ohlakazekile ophuma endaweni ethile entweni yasemkhathini ugotshwa ilensi ukuze yakhe iphoyinti lesithombe esisodwa futhi amaphuzu amaningi esithombe ahlanganiswe ukwenza isithombe.
Ilensi:
Ngokwezakhiwo ze-lens, ingahlukaniswa ibe ilensi enhle noma ilensi engalungile.
1. I-Plus Lens
Eyaziwa nangokuthi ilensi eqondile, ukuhlangana kokukhanya, no-“+”.
(2) Susa ilensi
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-concave lens, ukukhanya kunomphumela wokuhlakazeka, okhonjiswa ngokuthi "-".
Kunemibono emibili ehlukene yokuthi kungani izingilazi ezilungisayo zingalungisa iphutha le-refractive leso lomuntu:
1. Ngemuva kokuthi iso lokungaboni ngaso linye lihlanganiswe nelensi yokulungisa, inhlanganisela ye-refractive iyonke iyakhiwa.Le nhlanganisela ye-refractive ehlanganisiwe ine-diopter entsha, engenza isithombe sento ekude kungqimba lwe-photoreceptor lwe-retina yeso.
2. Emehlweni abona kude, imishayo kufanele ihlanganiswe ngaphambi kokuba ihlangane ngamehlo omuntu;Emehlweni e-myopic, imishayo kufanele ihluke ngaphambi kokuhlangana neso lomuntu.I-diopter efanele yezibuko ze-orthotic isetshenziselwa ukuguqula ukuhlukana kwe-beam efinyelela esweni.
Itemu elivamile lelensi eyindilinga
Ijika: Ukugoba kwendilinga.
ø I-Radius of curvature: irediyasi yokugoba kwe-arc eyindilinga.Lapho imfushane irediyasi yokugoba, iba mkhulu ukugoba kwe-arc eyindilinga.
ø Isikhungo Sokubona: Uma imisebe yokukhanya iqondiswe kuleli phuzu, akukho ukusonteka nokujika okwenzekayo.
Amalambu okukhanya ahambisanayo ahlangana abe iphuzu ngemva kokudlula ilensi, noma umugqa wokunwebeka ohlehlayo uguqukela ephuzwini, elibizwa ngokuthi i-Focus.
Ukuhlehla kwezibuko
Ngo-1899, u-Gullstrand wenza isiphakamiso sokuthatha ukuphindaphinda kobude bokugxila njengeyunithi yamandla e-refraction yelensi, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Dioptre" noma "D" (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-focal degree).
D=1/f
Lapho, f kuwubude obugxile belensi ngamamitha;U-D umele i-diopter.
Isibonelo: ubude bokugxila bungamamitha angu-2, D=1/2=0.50D
Ubude bokugxila bungu-0.25 m, D=1/0.25=4.00D
I-Diopta eyindilinga
Ifomula: F = N '- (N)/R
R iyiradiyasi yokugoba kwendilinga ngamamitha.U-N 'no-N yizinkomba zokuphinda zikhanyelwe zemidiya ye-refractive kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-sphere.Ngengilazi yomqhele, lapho u-R=0.25 m,
F= (1.523-1.00) /0.25=2.092D
Ilensi yamehlo ilensi ehlanganiswe yizimbulunga ezimbili, ama-dioptha azo alingana nesamba se-algebraic sama-dioptha ayindilinga amalensi angaphambili nangemuva.
D=F1+F2= (n1-n) /R1+ (N-n1) /R2= (N1-1) (1/R1-1/R2)
Ngakho-ke, i-refraction ye-lens ihlobene ne-refractive index ye-lens material kanye ne-radius of curvature yezindawo zangaphambili nezingemuva ze-lens.Irediyasi yokugoba yezindawo zangaphambili nezangemuva zelensi iyafana, futhi inkomba ye-refractive iphakeme, inani eliphelele le-lens diopter liphezulu.Ngokuphambene, ilensi ene-diopter efanayo inenkomba enkulu ye-refractive kanye nomehluko omncane werediyasi phakathi kwangaphambili nangemuva.
Okwesibili, uhlobo lwamalensi
Ukwahlukaniswa (ukukhanya) ngezakhiwo ezikhanyayo
Isibuko esiyisicaba: isibuko esiyisicaba, asikho isibuko;
Isibuko esiyindilinga: ukukhanya okuyindilinga;
Isibuko esiyi-cylindrical: i-astigmatism;
3. Ukushintsha isiqondiso sokukhanya (ukulungisa izifo ezithile zamehlo).
Ngokwesimo sokugxila
Amalensi angagxili kakhulu: flat, prism;
Ilensi yokugxila eyodwa: i-myopia, ilensi yokubona kude;
I-Multifocal lens: ilensi egxilile ekabili noma ilensi eqhubekayo
Ngokusho kwezakhiwo ezisebenzayo
Ukulungiswa okubonakalayo
I-refractive embi
ukungasebenzi kahle
Isibuko se-Amblyopia
isivikelo
Ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni okulimazayo;
Lawula ukukhanya okubonakalayo (Izibuko zelanga)
Ukuvikelwa ezintweni eziyingozi (izibuko zokuzivikela)
Ngokwamaphuzu abalulekile
Impahla yemvelo
Izinto zengilazi
Izinto zepulasitiki
Okwesithathu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ze-lens
Impahla yemvelo
I-Crystal lens: Isithako esiyinhloko i-silica.Ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili ezingenambala nezimnyama.
Izinzuzo: kanzima, akulula ukugqoka;Akulula ukumanzisa (inkungu akulula ukuyigcina ebusweni bayo);I-coefficient yokwanda kwe-thermal incane.
Ukungalungi: i-uv inokucaca okuyingqayizivele, kulula ukubangela ukukhathala okubukwayo;Ukuminyana akuwona umfaniswano, kulula ukuqukatha ukungcola, okuholela ku-birefringence;Kuyabiza.
ingilazi
1. Umlando:
Ingilazi yeCorona ngokuvamile isetshenziswa, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko i-silica.Ukudluliswa kokukhanya okubonakalayo kungama-80% -91.6% futhi inkomba ye-refractive yi-1.512-1.53.Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokungajwayelekile kwe-refractive ephezulu, ingilazi eholayo ene-high refractive index ye-1.6-1.9 isetshenziswa.
2, izici ze-optical:
(1) Inkomba ye-refractive: n=1.523, 1.702, njll
(2) ukuhlakazeka: ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ukuphikisa okuhlukile kwamaza ahlukene okukhanya
(3) Ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya: ukuphakama kwenkomba ye-refractive, kulapho ukubonakaliswa okukhulu
(4) ukumuncwa: lapho ukukhanya kudlula engilazini, ukuqina kwakho kuncipha ngokunyuka kokuqina.
(5) I-Birefringence: i-isotropy ngokuvamile iyadingeka
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3. Izinhlobo zamalensi engilazi:
(1) Izibhebhe ze-Toric
Yaziwa nangokuthi ipuleti elimhlophe, ipuleti elimhlophe, ipuleti elimhlophe optical
Izithako eziyisisekelo: i-sodium titanium silicate
Izici: okungenambala obala, incazelo ephezulu;Ingakwazi ukumunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet engaphansi kuka-330A, futhi yengeze i-CeO2 ne-TiO2 kuthebhulethi emhlophe ukuvimbela imisebe ye-ultraviolet ngaphansi kuka-346A, ebizwa ngokuthi ithebhulethi emhlophe ye-UV.Ukudluliswa kokukhanya okubonakalayo kungama-91-92%, futhi inkomba ye-refractive yi-1.523.
(2) Ithebhulethi ye-Croxus
UWilliam waseNgilandi ngo-1914. Yasungulwa nguCroxus.
Izici: 87% ukukhanya
Umphumela wemibala emibili: okwesibhakabhaka okhanyayo ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga, owaziwa nangokuthi luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Kodwa isibani se-incandescent sibomvu ngokukhanyayo (equkethe isici sensimbi ye-neodymium) singamunca i-340A ngaphansi kwe-ultraviolet, ingxenye ye-infrared kanye ne-580A yokukhanya okuphuzi okubonakalayo;Manje ayisasetshenziswa
(3) Amaphilisi e-Croseto
I-CeO2 ne-MnO2 zengezwa ezintweni zelensi eyisisekelo emhlophe ukuze kuthuthukiswe umthamo wokumunca i-ultraviolet.Lolu hlobo lwamalensi lubizwa nangokuthi ishidi elibomvu ngoba libonisa okubomvu ngokukhanyayo ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga kanye nesibani se-incandescent.
Izici: ingakwazi ukumunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet ngaphansi kuka-350A;I-transmittance ingaphezu kwama-88%;
(4) ifilimu elizacile kakhulu
Ukwengeza i-TiO2 ne-PbO ezintweni ezingavuthiwe kukhulisa inkomba ye-refractive.Inkomba ye-refractive ingu-1.70,
Izici: mayelana ne-1/3 encane kunethebhulethi evamile emhlophe noma ebomvu ene-diopter efanayo, ifanele i-myopia ephezulu, ukubukeka okuhle;I-coefficient ye-Abbe iphansi, ukuphuma kombala kukhulu, kulula ukubangela ukuncishiswa kombono we-peripheral, ukugoba komugqa, umbala;High surface reflectivity.
(5) 1.60 ilensi yengilazi
Izici: Inkomba ye-Refractive ingu-1.60, izacile kunelensi yengilazi evamile (1.523), futhi izacile kune-ultra-thin lens (1.70) inengxenye encane, ngakho ilula, ifaneleka kakhulu kwabagqoka amadigri aphakathi, abanye abakhiqizi bayibiza ngokuthi i-ultra-light. kanye ne-ultra-thin lens.
Amalensi epulasitiki
Ilensi yokuqala ye-thermoplastic eyenziwe ngo-1940 (Acrylic)
Ngo-1942, i-Pittsburgh plate Glass Company, e-U.S.A., yasungula impahla ye-CR-39, (u-C imele i-Columbia Space Agency, u-R imelela i-Resin Resin) ngenkathi ilungisa izinto ze-NASA Shuttle.
Ngo-1954, u-Essilor wenza amalensi elanga angu-cr-39
Ngo-1956, inkampani yakwa-Essilor eFrance yaphumelela ukulinga-ukukhiqiza ilensi yokubona nge-CR-39.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amalensi e-resin asetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni.Ngo-1994, umthamo wokuthengisa emhlabeni wonke wafinyelela ku-30% yenani eliphelele lamalensi.
Amalensi ezinto zepulasitiki:
1, i-polymethyl methacrylate (ishidi le-acrylic, i-ACRYLICLENS)]
Izici: inkomba ye-refractive 1.499;Amandla adonsela phansi athile 1.19;Isetshenziswe kusenesikhathi kumalensi okuxhumana aqinile;Ubulukhuni abubuhle, kulula ukunwaya indawo engaphezulu;Manje isetshenziselwa izibuko esezilungile, njengezibuko zokufunda esezilungile.
Izinzuzo: Ilula kunamalensi engilazi.
Ukungalungi: ubulukhuni bobuso njengamalensi engilazi;Izakhiwo ze-optical zingaphansi kwamalensi engilazi.
2, ishidi le-resin (elimele kakhulu i-CR-39)
Izici: Igama lamakhemikhali yi-propylene diethylene glycol carbonate, iqinile futhi iyabonakala;Inkomba ye-refractive ingu-1.499;Ukudlulisa 92%;Ukuzinza kwe-thermal: akukho deformation ngaphansi kwe-150 ℃;Ukumelana namanzi okuhle nokugqwala (ngaphandle kwe-asidi eqinile), engancibiliki ezincibilikisini ezivamile.
Izinzuzo: amandla adonsela phansi athile angu-1.32, ingxenye yengilazi, ukukhanya;Ukumelana nomthelela, okunganqamuki, umuzwa oqinile wokuphepha (ngokuhambisana namazinga e-FDA);Ukugqoka kahle;Ukucubungula okulula, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi (kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kohlaka lwesigamu, uhlaka olungenasici);Uchungechunge lomkhiqizo ocebile (ukukhanya okukodwa, ukukhanya okuphindwe kabili, i-multi-focus, i-cataract, ukushintsha kombala, njll.);Umthamo wayo wokumunca i-uv uphakeme kalula kunelensi yengilazi;Ingadaywa ngemibala ehlukahlukene;
I-Thermal conductivity iphansi, futhi "inkungu yamanzi" ebangelwa umhwamuko wamanzi ingcono kunamalensi engilazi.
Ukungalungi: ukumelana kabi kokugqoka kwelensi, ukunwaya kalula;Ngenkomba ephansi ye-refractive, ilensi iwugqinsi izikhathi eziyi-1.2-1.3 kunelensi yengilazi.
Ukuthuthukiswa:
(1) Ukuze unqobe ukumelana nokugqokwa kwempahla, maphakathi nawo-1980, ubuchwepheshe bokuqinisa ubuso be-lens buphumelele;Ilensi ye-resin evamile, ubulukhuni bobuso obuqinile obungu-2-3h, ngemva kokwelashwa ukuqina, ubulukhuni kuze kufike ku-4-5h, okwamanje, izinkampani eziningi ziye zaqalisa ubulukhuni kuze kufike ku-6-7h super hard resin lens.(2) Ukuze kuncishiswe ukujiya kwamalensi, amashidi e-resin anezinkomba ezihlukene zokuphinda aqhamuke athuthukiswe ngempumelelo
(3) Ukwelashwa kwenkungu engangeni manzi: ukumboza ungqimba lwefilimu eliqinile, elibhekele ama-molecule omswakama onamathelayo, abhekele ama-molecule amunca umswakama, ama-molecule wokuqina komhlaba.Lapho umswakama wendawo ezungezile uphansi kunalowo we-lens, ulwelwesi lukhipha umswakama.Lapho umswakama wendawo ezungezile uphakeme kunalowo we-lens, ulwelwesi lumunca amanzi.Lapho umswakamo we-ambient uphakeme kakhulu kunomswakama welensi, ama-molecule womswakama onamathelayo aphendula amanzi amaningi abe ifilimu yamanzi.
3. I-Polycarbonate (ithebhulethi ye-PC) ibizwa nangokuthi ilensi yesikhala emakethe.
Izici: inkomba ye-refractive 1.586;Isisindo esincane;Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ozimele abangenamafreyimu.
Izinzuzo: Ukumelana nomthelela onamandla;Imelana nomthelela kunamalensi e-resin.
Amalensi akhethekile
Ifilimu ye-Photochromic
Izici: izinhlayiya ze-halide zesiliva zengezwa ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ze-lens.Ngaphansi kwesenzo semisebe ye-ultraviolet ekukhanyeni kwelanga, i-halide eyisiliva ibola ibe ama-halogen ion nama-ion esiliva, ngaleyo ndlela ishintshe umbala.Ngokusho kokuqina kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ekukhanyeni kwelanga, izinga lokushintsha umbala nalo lihlukile;Lapho i-uv inyamalala, ilensi ishintsha ibuyele kumbala wayo wasekuqaleni.
Izinzuzo: Ilungisa amaphutha e-refractive ezigulini futhi iphindwe kabili njengezibuko zelanga ngaphandle.
Ingakwazi ukulungisa ukukhanya esweni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuze igcine ukubona kahle;Kungakhathaliseki isimo sayo sokuguquguquka, ihlale idonsa kahle ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet;
Ukungalungi: i-lens ewugqinsi, ngokuvamile ingilazi engu-1.523;Lapho i-degree iphezulu, umbala awufani (ulula phakathi nendawo).Ngemva kwesikhathi eside se-lens, umphumela wokushintsha umbala nesivinini sokushintsha umbala kwehlisa ijubane;Umbala weshidi elilodwa awuhambisani
Izimbangela zokushintsha umbala
I-1, uhlobo lomthombo wokukhanya: i-ultraviolet wavelength emfushane ukukhanya kwemisebe, ukushintsha kombala okusheshayo, ukugxila okukhulu;I-Ultraviolet long wavelength light irradiation, ukushintsha kombala okuhamba kancane, ukugxila okuncane.
2. Ukuqina kokukhanya: Uma ukukhanya kukude, umbala ushintsha ngokushesha futhi kukhuphuka ukugxila (ithafa neqhwa)
3, izinga lokushisa: izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, ukushintsha kombala ngokushesha, ukugxila okukhulu.
4, ukujiya kwamalensi: ukushuba kwelensi, kujula ukugxiliswa kombala (awukho umthelela ngesivinini)
Amathiphu okuthengisa amaphilisi e-photochromic
1. Uma ushintsha ishidi elilodwa, umbala uvame ukungahambisani.Kunconywa ukuthi amakhasimende ashintshe izingcezu ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa.
2, ngenxa yokufiphala kancane, ngokuvamile ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamakhasimende angaphakathi, akunconywa (abafundi)
3. Ngenxa yokujiya okuhlukile kwamalensi nokugxiliswa kombala, kutuswa ukuba kungafaniswa uma umehluko we-diopter phakathi kwamehlo amabili ekhasimende ungaphezu kuka-2.00d.
4, i-myopia ephezulu izwa imnyama, omunye umehluko wombala nomaphakathi, awumuhle.
5, isikhungo sokufunda izibuko umphumela wombala uphansi, hhayi nge-lens eshintsha umbala.
6, umehluko phakathi kwamalensi asekhaya nangaphandle: asekhaya kunalawo angenisiwe umbala ongasheshi, ukufiphala okunensayo, umbala ojulile, umbala othambile ongenisiwe.
I-Anti-radiation lens:
In the impahla lens ukwengeza izinto ezikhethekile noma ekhethekile anti-reflective ifilimu, ukuvimbela ukukhanya emisebeni ukukhulula ukukhathala iso.
Amalensi aspherical:
Indiza yokuzungezisa (njenge-parabola) enesigaba esingayisiyingi esifanayo kuwo wonke ama-meridians.Ukubuka konqenqema akunakho ukuhlanekezela futhi kuncane ngo-1/3 kunamalensi avamile (i-prism incane).
I-Polarizing lens:
Ilensi enokukhanya edlidliza iye ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela ibizwa ngokuthi i-polarizing lens.
Inhloso yokusebenzisa amalensi e-polarizing: ukuvimba ukubenyezela kokukhanya okubonakala endaweni eyisicaba.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusetshenziswa:
(1) Ukuqina akukuhle, isikhathi eside ukuthintana namanzi, ifilimu engaphezulu kulula ukuwa.
(2) lapho ufaka ifreyimu yesibuko, uma kukhona ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, kuzothinta umphumela wayo we-polarization.
Ucezu olukhanyayo oluphindwe kabili
Izici: kunamaphuzu amabili okugxilwe kuwo kulensi eyodwa, kanye nelensi encane ebekwe ngaphezulu ilensi evamile;Isetshenziselwa iziguli ezine-presbyopia ukuze zibone kude naseduze ngokushintshana;Ingaphezulu liwukukhanya uma ubheka kude (ngezinye izikhathi liyisicaba), futhi ukukhanya okuphansi kuwukukhanya lapho kufundwa;Inani lebanga libizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya okuphezulu, inani eliseduze libizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya okuphansi, kanti umehluko phakathi kokukhanya okungaphezulu nokuphansi yi-ADD (ukukhanya okungeziwe).
Izinzuzo: iziguli ze-presbyopia azidingi ukushintsha izibuko lapho zibona eduze nakude.
Ukungalungi: bona kude futhi ubone ukuguqulwa okuseduze lapho ugxuma ukwenzeka (umphumela we-prism);Ngokusobala ihlukile kumalensi ajwayelekile ngokubukeka.Insimu yombono incane.
Ngokwesimo sengxenye yokukhanya ngaphansi kwelensi ye-bifocal, ingahlukaniswa ibe:
Ukubenyezela kokukhanya
Izici: inkambu yokubukwa ephezulu ngaphansi kokukhanya, into encane yokugxuma kwesithombe, ukuhlukana kombala omncane, ukushuba komphetho omkhulu, umthelela omuhle, isisindo esikhulu
Ukukhanya okuphindwe kabili okuyisicaba
I-Dome Double Light (ukukhanya okuphindwe kabili okungabonakali)
Izici: umugqa womngcele awubonakali;Ubukhulu bonqenqema abukhuli ngokukhula kwedigri eseduze kokusetshenziswa;Kodwa isimo sokugxuma kwesithombe sisobala
Amalensi e-multifocus aqhubekayo
Izici: Amaphoyinti amaningi agxile kulensi efanayo;Idigri yebhendi eqhubekayo emaphakathi nelensi ishintsha iphoyinti ngephoyinti ukusuka phezulu ukuya phansi.
Izinzuzo: ilensi efanayo ingabona ibanga elikude, eliphakathi nendawo neliseduze;I-lens ayinayo imingcele ecacile, ngakho-ke akulula ukuqashelwa.Kusukela isiqondiso mpo ingxenye emaphakathi amehlo musa ukuzwa jumping umkhuba.
Ukungalungi: Intengo ephezulu;Ukuhlolwa kunzima;Kunezindawo eziyimpumputhe ezinhlangothini zombili ze-lens;Ilensi ewugqinsi, ngokuvamile i-1.50 resin material (entsha 1.60)
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezici phakathi kwelensi ye-bifocal kanye ne-asymptotic multi-focus lens
Ukukhanya okukabili:
(1) Kunomehluko osobala phakathi kwezifunda ezihlukene.Ukubukeka akukuhle, kunikeza abantu umbono wokuthi ogqokile usemdala
(2) ibanga eliphakathi nendawo lingacacile, njengokuthi: ukudlala i-mahjong, njll.
(3) Ngenxa yokuba khona kwezindawo ezimbili okugxilwe kuzo, okuholela ezithiyoni ezibonakalayo: isithombe siyantengantenga noma sigxume, ukuze umsebenzisi abe nomuzwa wokunyathela kungenalutho, angabi naso isibindi sokuhamba ezitebhisini noma phakathi kwemigwaqo.
(4) Amathemba okusetshenziswa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo anomkhawulo.
Izinyathelo:
(1) Ukusuka kude kuya eduze komugqa wokubuka ongaphazanyiswa, ibanga eliphakathi liyacaca.
(2) Ukubukeka okuhle, asikho isikhawu esibonakalayo.
(3) Gxuma ngaphandle kwesithombe, hamba ngokuzethemba ezitebhisini naphakathi kwemigwaqo.
(4) Kokubili umklamo nezinto zokwakha ziyathuthuka.
(5) izacile kunelensi eyodwa efanayo.
(6) Yehlisa ukukhathala kwamehlo futhi uthuthukise impilo yokubuka.
Amalensi e-Multi-focus afanele izinto
(1) I-Presbyopia, ikakhulukazi i-presbyopia yangaphambi kwesikhathi.
(2) Abangenelisekile ngokugqoka izibuko ezimbili (ukubona kude nokubona eduze).
(3) Labo abangenelisekile ngokugqoka ama-bifocal endabuko.
(4) Iziguli ze-myopia yentsha.
Ngokomsebenzi:
Ifanele: abashintsha amehlo njalo, osolwazi (abafundisayo), abaphathi (umhlangano), abanikazi bezitolo, abadlali bamakhadi.
Okungathandeki: udokotela wamazinyo, izisebenzi zokunakekela ugesi noma imishini (imvamisa kufanele ivale i-strabismus noma ibheke phezulu), isikhathi sokuvala side kakhulu, uma udinga ikhanda elinyakazayo elivamile, noma ngabe udinga ukusondela ekuboneni lapho ubheka phezulu, njengokubheka ithebula noma ishalofu odongeni (umshayeli wendiza kanye nabasebenzi bakagesi ngamanzi, abaqhubi bezinsimbi ezinkulu), noma ngabe babheke phansi ekuboneni okukude (izisebenzi zokwakha, njll.)
Ngokwe-Physiologically:
Ifanele: indawo yeso kanye nokuhlangana komuntu ojwayelekile, umehluko wengilazi ezimbili umuntu omncane, umndeni wezibuko ze-myopia
Okungathandeki: i-strabismus noma i-strabismus efihliwe, i-hypertrophic yejwabu leso ivimbela umugqa wokubona, i-astigmatism ephezulu, ukukhanya okuphezulu okuphezulu kanye ne-ADD izinga eliphezulu labantu.
Ngeminyaka yobudala:
Ifanele: iziguli zangaphambi kwesikhathi ze-presbyopia ezineminyaka engaba ngu-40 ubudala (okulula ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngenxa yezinga eliphansi le-ADD)
Okungathandeki: Njengamanje, i-ADD yomdlalo wokuqala e-China iphezulu kakhulu.Uma i-ADD idlula u-2.5d, ukuthi isimo somzimba sihle noma cha kufanele kucatshangelwe.
Kusukela emlandweni wokugqoka izibuko:
Ifanele: abagqoki bangaphambili be-bifocals, i-myopic presbyopia (ama-myopic progressive multi-focus lens yiwona okulula ukuzijwayeza kuwo)
Okungafaneleki: okwangempela akugqoki i-astigmatism lens, manje i-astigmatism degree iphakeme noma inomlando wokugqoka i-lens kodwa i-astigmatism iphezulu kakhulu (ngokuvamile ngaphezu kwe-2.00d);I-anisometropia;
Indlela yokuchaza imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa ezivakashini
(1) Ngenisa ukusatshalaliswa kwedigri yelensi kanye nokusabalaliswa kokungalungi
(2) Lapho ikhasimende libeka amehlo, liqondise ikhasimende ukuze lithole indawo engcono kakhulu yokubuka ngokunyakazisa indawo yekhanda (hambisa amehlo phezulu naphansi, hambisa ikhanda kwesokunxele nakwesokudla)
(3) ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-3-14 zenkathi yokujwayela, ukuze ubuchopho bakhe i-reflex ene-conditioned, kancane kancane ivumelane (ukwengeza idigri, isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa side).
Izimpawu zezinkinga ngamalensi aqhubekayo
Indawo yokufunda incane kakhulu
Ukufiphala eduze kwamehlo
Isiyezi, umuzwa odangele, umuzwa wokuzulazula, umuzwa wokuthuthumela
Ukubona okufiphele kude nezinto ezilufifi
Phendula noma utshekise ikhanda ukuze ubone lapho ufunda
Izimbangela ezingenzeka zezinkinga ngamalensi aqhubekayo
Ibanga elingalungile phakathi komfundi weso elilodwa
Ubude belensi abulungile
I-diopter engalungile
Ukukhethwa nokugqoka kozimele okungalungile
Ushintsho ku-arc yesisekelo (imvamisa ukucaba)
Yala ikhasimende ukuthi lisebenzise ilensi eqhubekayo
(1) Ukusetshenziswa kwendawo ekude
"Ngicela ubheke kude futhi ugxile ekuboneni okucacile" kubonisa izinguquko ekuboneni okufiphele nokucacile njengoba isilevu sikhuphuka sikhuphuka.
(2) Ukusetshenziswa kwendawo eseduze esetshenziswayo
"Ngicela ubheke iphephandaba futhi ubheke lapho ungabona khona kahle."Bonisa izinguquko embonweni lapho uhambisa ikhanda lakho ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi noma uhambisa iphephandaba.
(3) Ukusetshenziswa kwendawo emaphakathi nebanga
"Ngicela ubheke iphephandaba futhi ubheke lapho ungabona khona kahle."Hambisa iphephandaba ngaphandle ukuze ukhuphule ibanga lokufunda.Bonisa ukuthi ukubona okulufifi kungabuyiselwa kanjani ngokulungisa ukuma kwekhanda noma ngokuhambisa iphephandaba.Bonisa izinguquko embonweni lapho uhambisa ikhanda noma iphephandaba ohlangothini.
Ezinhlanu, ezinye imingcele ebalulekile yelensi
Inkomba ye-refractive
Inkomba ye-refractive yelensi inqunywa impahla esetshenzisiwe.Amanye amapharamitha afanayo, ilensi enenkomba ye-refractive ephezulu iba mncane.
I-Lens diopter (ukugxila kwe-vertex)
Kumayunithi ka-D, i-1D ilingana nalokho okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-degree angu-100.
Ukujiya kwesikhungo selensi (T)
Okokusebenza okufanayo nokukhanya, ukujiya kwesikhungo kunquma ngokuqondile ukujiya konqenqema lwelensi.Ngokwethiyori, ukuqina kwesikhungo kuncane, ukubukeka kwelensi kuba mncane, kodwa ukujiya kwesikhungo kuncane kakhulu kuzodala.
1. Amalensi antekenteke, awaphephile ukuwagqoka futhi kunzima ukuwacubungula nokuwahambisa.
2. Ukukhanya kwesikhungo kulula ukukushintsha.Ngakho-ke indinganiso kazwelonke inomthethonqubo ohambisanayo wokujiya kwesikhungo selensi, ilensi yangempela efanelekayo ingase ibe mkhulu kunalokho.Ukujiya kwesikhungo sokuphepha selensi yengilazi >0.7mm ukujiya kwesikhungo sokuphepha selensi yeresin >1.1mm
I-diameter yelensi
Ibhekisela kububanzi belensi eyindilinga emaholoholo.
Uma ubukhulu be-lens bukhulu, kuba lula ukuthi umenzi athole ibanga lomfundi wekhasimende ngendlela efanele.
Ubukhulu be-diameter, isikhungo siba mkhulu
Uma ubukhulu be-lens bukhulu, izindleko ezihambisanayo ziphezulu
Six, anti - ifilimu ubuchwepheshe
(1) ukuphazamiseka kokukhanya;Ukuze i-coating ibonise ukukhanya kanye ne-lens ibonise ukukhanya kwe-crest kanye nomkhombe kuhambisane.
(2) Imibandela yokwenza inani lokubonisa lelensi uziro (ifilimu ye-monolayer) :
A. Inkomba ye-refractive yento enamathelayo iyafana nempande yesikwele yenkomba ye-refractive yento yelensi.Lapho n=1.523, n1=1.234.
B. Ugqinsi lwe-coating luyi-1/4 yobude begagasi bokukhanya kwesigameko, i-wavelength ephuzi ingu-550nm, futhi ukujiya kokumboza kungu-138 nm.
(3) Izinto zokumboza nezindlela
Impahla: MgF2, Sb2O3, SiO2
Izindlela: Vacuum ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu
(4) Izici zelensi eboshwe
Izinzuzo: ukuthuthukisa ukudluliselwa, ukwandisa ukucaca;Kuhle, akukho mfanekiso osobala;Nciphisa ama-lens vortexes (ama-vortex abangelwa ukukhanya okuvela emaphethelweni e-lens avela ngaphambili nangemuva kwelensi izikhathi eziningi);Susa inkohliso (indawo yangaphakathi ye-lens yamukela ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya kwesigameko ngemuva kwayo esweni, okulula ukukhiqiza ukukhathala okubukwayo);Ukwenyuka ukumelana nokukhanya okuyingozi (okuboniswa kahle ngokuqhathaniswa namalensi angenalwelwesi).
Ukungalungi: amabala amafutha, izigxivizo zeminwe zibonisa ngokucacile;Umbala wefilimu uyabonakala ku-Angle eseceleni
Isikhombisa, ukukhethwa kwamalensi
Isidingo sekhasimende samalensi: amahle, anethezekile futhi aphephile
Enhle futhi izacile: inkomba refractive, amandla mechanical
Ukuqina: ukumelana nokugqoka, akukho deformation
Okungabonisi: engeza ifilimu
Ayingcolile: ifilimu engangeni manzi
Ukukhanya okukhululekile:
Izakhiwo ezinhle ze-optical: ukudluliswa kokukhanya, inkomba yokuhlakazeka, ukudaya
Ukumelana ne-uv okuphephile kanye nokumelana nomthelela
Usiza kanjani amakhasimende ukukhetha amalensi:
1. Khetha izinto ngokuya ngezidingo
Ukumelana nomthelela: hlangabezana nokuhlolwa kwe-SAFETY kwezinga le-FDA, ilensi ayinqamuki kalula.
I-Lens emhlophe: inqubo ye-polymerization enhle kakhulu, inkomba ephuzi ephansi, akulula ukuguga, ukubukeka okuhle.
Ukukhanya: amandla adonsela phansi athile aphansi, ogqokile uzizwa elula futhi ekhululekile, futhi akukho ngcindezi ekhaleni.
Ukumelana nokugqoka: ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuqinile be-silicon oxide, ukumelana kwayo nokugqoka eduze kwengilazi.
2. Khetha inkomba ye-refractive ngokusho kokukhanya kwekhasimende
3, ngokwezidingo zamakhasimende ukukhetha ukwelashwa kwendawo efanele
4. Khetha izinhlobo ngokuya ngenani lezengqondo lamakhasimende
5. Ezinye izidingo
Uhlu lwazo zonke izinhlobo zamalensi kufanele luqondwe ngokusekelwe esimweni sangempela sesitolo, okuhlanganisa:
1. Uhlu lwemikhiqizo ekhona
2, kungenziwa ngezifiso uhla lwezicucu zasembonini, umjikelezo
3. Amalensi angeke enziwe
Ukungalungi: ukucubungula kunzima;Indawo kulula ukunwaya ngayo, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukushintsha kuka-100 degrees Celsius
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-01-2021