Imboni yamabhayisikili isingomunye wabahlomuli abambalwa kulolu bhubhane lwe-coronavirus njengoba abantu befuna izindlela zokuhlala bakhuthele, ukujabulisa izingane kanye nokuya emsebenzini.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwamabhayisikili ezweni lonke kunyuke ngo-50% ngonyaka odlule.Lezi yizindaba ezinhle kubakhiqizi bamabhayisikili basekhaya, njenge-Detroit Bicycles kanye ne-American Bicycle Company (BCA).
Kudala, i-United States yaba ngumkhiqizi ohamba phambili wamabhayisikili emhlabeni.Amafekthri aphethwe yizinkampani ezifana ne-Huffy, Murray, ne-Schwinn akhiqiza amabhayisikili ngobuningi njalo ngonyaka.Nakuba lezi zinhlobo zisekhona, ukukhiqizwa kuthuthele phesheya kwezilwandle eminyakeni eminingi edlule.
Ngokwesibonelo, uSchwinn wenza ibhayisikili lokugcina eChicago ngo-1982, futhi uHuffy wavala ifekthri yakhe ephambili eCelina, e-Ohio ngo-1998. Phakathi nalenkathi, abanye abakhiqizi abaningi bamabhayisikili baseMelika abadumile, abanjengoRoadmaster noRoss, balandela eduze.Ngaleso sikhathi, intengo yamabhayisikili yase yehle ngo-25% njengoba abakhiqizi base-Asia behlisa amanani entengo futhi bacekela phansi nemingcele yenzuzo.
NgokukaHarry Moser, usihlalo we-Reshoring Initiative nombhali wekholamu ye-ASSEMBLY ethi “Moser on Manufacturing”, abakhiqizi baseMelika bakhiqiza amabhayisikili angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 ngo-1990. Nokho, njengoba kwenziwa imisebenzi eminingi yaphesheya kwezilwandle, ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kwehle kwaba ngaphansi kwezimoto ezingu-200,000. .2015. Iningi lala mabhayisikili akhiqizwa izinkampani ezincane zevolumu, ze-niche ezihlinzeka abathanda amabhayisikili aqinile.
Ukukhiqiza amabhayisikili kuvame ukuba yimboni ejikelezayo eye yahlangabezana nezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nokucindezeleka.Eqinisweni, ngenxa yezici ezihlukahlukene, ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kuye kwahlehliswa eminyakeni yamuva.
Noma ngabe iselula noma imile, amabhayisikili anezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo.Ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-coronavirus, abantu abaningi bacabanga kabusha ukuthi bazivocavoca kanjani nokuthi basisebenzisa kanjani isikhathi sabo samahhala.
“[Ngonyaka odlule] abathengi [bafuna] imisebenzi yangaphandle nelungele izingane ukuze bamelane kangcono nezinselelo ezihlobene nama-oda asekhaya, futhi ukugibela amabhayisikili kufaneleka kakhulu,” kusho Umhlaziyi Wemboni Yezemidlalo Yeqembu le-NPD u-Dirk Sorensen (Dirk Sorenson) kusho i-Inc. inkampani yocwaningo elandelela izitayela zemakethe.“Ekugcineni, baningi abantu [abahamba ngamabhayisikili] namuhla kunaseminyakeni embalwa edlule.
"Ukuthengisa ngekota yokuqala ka-2021 kukhuphuke ngo-83% kusukela esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule," kusho uSorensen.“Intshisekelo yabathengi yokuthenga amabhayisikili isephezulu.”Lo mkhuba kulindeleke ukuthi uqhubeke unyaka noma emibili.
Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, amabhayisikili adumile ekuhambeni okufushane ngoba angonga isikhathi esiningi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuhamba.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhayisikili axazulula izinkinga eziya ngokuya zibalulekile njengezindawo zokupaka ezilinganiselwe, ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokuminyana kwezimoto.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokwabelana ngamabhayisikili luvumela abantu ukuthi baqashe ibhayisikili futhi basebenzise kalula amasondo amabili ukuhamba bezungeza idolobha.
Ukwenyuka kwentshisekelo ezimotweni zikagesi nakho kukhuthaze ukukhula kwamabhayisikili.Eqinisweni, abakhiqizi abaningi bamabhayisikili bahlomisa imikhiqizo yabo ngamabhethri ahlangene futhi angasindi, amamotho kanye namasistimu okushayela ukuze bangezelele amandla amahle ephedali yakudala.
“Ukuthengiswa kwamabhayisikili kagesi kwenyuke kakhulu,” kusho uSorenson.“Njengoba lolu bhubhane belethe abagibeli abaningi emcimbini, ukuthengiswa kwamabhayisikili kagesi kwakhula ngesivinini.Phakathi kwezitolo zamabhayisikili, amabhayisikili kagesi manje asesigaba sesithathu esikhulu samabhayisikili, esilandela ngemuva kokuthengiswa kwamabhayisikili asezintabeni namabhayisikili asemgwaqweni.”
"Ama-E-bikes abelokhu ethandwa," kunezela u-Chase Spaulding, umfundisi ogxile ekuklanyeni amabhayisikili nokukhiqiza e-Southeastern Minnesota State University.Usanda kuphothula izifundo zakhe zeminyaka emibili ekolishi lomphakathi.U-Spaulding usungule uhlelo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabakhiqizi basekhaya bamabhayisikili, njenge-Hed Cycling Products, i-Quality Bicycle Products kanye ne-Trek Bicycle Corp.
U-Spalding uthe: “Imboni yezimoto isithuthuke ngezimoto zikagesi ngokushesha okungaka, futhi isize imboni yamabhayisikili ukuthi yenze intuthuko enkulu ngaphandle kokubhekana nezindleko ezigcwele zokuthuthukisa amabhethri nezinye izakhi.”“[Lezi zingxenye zingahlanganiswa kalula ku] Ekugcineni Emkhiqizweni, [abantu] abaningi bazizwa bephephile futhi ngeke babonakale njengendlela eyinqaba kakhulu yama-mopeds noma izithuthuthu.”
Ngokusho kuka-Spaulding, amabhayisikili e-gravel angenye indawo eshisayo embonini.Akhanga kakhulu kubagibeli bamabhayisikili abathanda ukuqhubeka ekugcineni komgwaqo.Ziphakathi kwamabhayisikili asezintabeni namabhayisikili omgwaqo, kodwa zinikeza isipiliyoni sokugibela esiyingqayizivele.
Kudala, amabhayisikili amaningi ayethengiswa ngabathengisi bamabhayisikili bomphakathi kanye nabathengisi abakhulu (njenge-Sears, Roebuck & Co., noma i-Montgomery Ward & Co.).Yize zisekhona izitolo zasendaweni zamabhayisikili, iningi lazo manje seligxile emikhiqizweni esezingeni eliphezulu yabagibeli bamabhayisikili abazimisele.
Namuhla, amabhayisikili amaningi emakethe athengiswa ngezitolo ezinkulu (ezifana ne-Dick's Sporting Goods, Target, ne-Walmart) noma ngezingosi ze-e-commerce (njenge-Amazon).Eminyakeni yakamuva, njengoba abantu abaningi bethenga imikhiqizo ku-inthanethi, ukuthengiswa okuqondile kuya kubathengi nakho kuguqule imboni yamabhayisikili.
I-Mainland China ne-Taiwan ziphethe imakethe yamabhayisikili yomhlaba wonke, futhi izinkampani ezifana ne-Giant, Merida kanye ne-Tianjin Fujitec zi-akhawunti zebhizinisi eliningi.Izingxenye eziningi ziphinde zikhiqizwe phesheya yizinkampani ezifana neShimano, elawula izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zemakethe yegiya namabhuleki.
EYurophu, inyakatho yePortugal iyisikhungo semboni yamabhayisikili.Kunezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-50 endaweni ezikhiqiza amabhayisikili, izingxenye kanye nezinsiza.I-RTE, umkhiqizi omkhulu wamabhayisikili eYurophu, inefekthri e-Selzedo, e-Portugal, engahlanganisa amabhayisikili afika kwangu-5,000 ngosuku.
Namuhla, i-Reshoring Initiative ithi inabakhiqizi namabhayisikili baseMelika abangaphezu kuka-200, kusukela ku-Alchemy Bicycle Co. kuya ku-Victoria Cycles.Nakuba abaningi kuyizinkampani ezincane noma abasabalalisi, kukhona abadlali abambalwa abakhulu, okuhlanganisa i-BCA (inkampani engaphansi kwe-Kent International Corporation) kanye ne-Trek.Kodwa-ke, izinkampani eziningi, njenge-Ross Bikes kanye ne-SRAM LLC, ziklama imikhiqizo ekhaya futhi ziyenze phesheya kwezilwandle.
Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yakwaRoss yakhiwe eLas Vegas kodwa ikhiqizwa eChina naseTaiwan.Phakathi kuka-1946 no-1989, ibhizinisi lomndeni lavula amafekthri eBrooklyn, eNew York nase-Allentown, ePennsylvania, kanye namabhayisikili akhiqizwa ngobuningi ngaphambi kokuba ayeke ukusebenza.
"Singathanda ukuphinda sikhiqize amabhayisikili e-United States futhi, kodwa u-90% wezinto ezisetshenziswayo, njengokudluliswa kwemishini (imishini ebhekele ukugudluza iketango phakathi kwama-sprockets ukuze ishintshe amagiya) akhiqizwa phesheya," kusho uSean Rose, ilungu lesizukulwane sesine.Umndeni usanda kuvuselela uhlobo olwaphayona amabhayisikili asezintabeni ngawo-1980."Kodwa-ke, singagcina senza ukukhiqizwa kwe-batch encane eyenziwe ngokwezifiso lapha."
Nakuba ezinye izinto sezishintshile, inqubo eyisisekelo yokuhlanganisa amabhayisikili iye yahlala cishe amashumi eminyaka ingashintshile.Kufakwe uhlaka lukapende, bese kufakwa izinto ezahlukene njengamabhuleki, ama-mudguards, amagiya, izibambo, ama-pedals, izihlalo namasondo.Izibambo zivame ukususwa ngaphambi kokuthutha ukuze ibhayisikili likwazi ukupakishwa ebhokisini elincane.
Uhlaka luvame ukwakhiwa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zensimbi ezigobile, ezishiselwe futhi ezipendiwe.I-aluminium nensimbi yizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-carbon fibre namafreyimu e-titanium nazo zisetshenziswa kumabhayisikili asezingeni eliphezulu ngenxa yesisindo sawo esilula.
Kubabukeli abavamile, amabhayisikili amaningi abukeka futhi enza ngendlela efanayo naleyo abelokhu enza ngayo amashumi eminyaka.Nokho, kunezinketho eziningi kunanini ngaphambili.
"Ngokujwayelekile, imakethe inokuncintisana kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamafreyimu nezingxenye," kusho uSpalding waseSoutheastern Minnesota State University.“Amabhayisikili asezintabeni ahlukene, ukusuka phezulu, aqinile futhi aguquguqukayo, kuya kumade, aphansi futhi axega.Manje kunezinketho eziningi phakathi kwalokhu okubili.Amabhayisikili emigwaqweni anokwehluka okuncane, kodwa ngokwezingxenye, ijometri, isisindo kanye nokusebenza.Umehluko mkhulu kakhulu.
"Ukudluliselwa kuyingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke cishe kuwo wonke amabhayisikili namuhla," kuchaza uSpalding.“Uzobona namagiya angaphakathi afaka amagiya angu-2 kuya kwayi-14 ngemuva, kodwa ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezindleko nokuba yinkimbinkimbi, izinga lokungena liphansi kakhulu futhi ayikho ibhonasi yokusebenza ehambisana nayo.
"Uhlaka lwesibuko ngokwalo lungolunye uhlobo, njengemboni yezicathulo, wenza imikhiqizo yesayizi eyodwa ukuze ihlangabezane nokubunjwa okuhlukene," kusho uSpaulding.“Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwezinselele zosayizi omile ezibhekene nezicathulo, ifreyimu akufanele ilingane nomsebenzisi kuphela, kodwa kufanele futhi igcine ukusebenza, ukunethezeka namandla kulo lonke uhla losayizi.
“Ngakho-ke, nakuba ngokuvamile kuyinhlanganisela yezimo ezimbalwa zensimbi noma ze-carbon fibre, inkimbinkimbi yezinto eziguquguqukayo zejiyomethri ezidlalwayo zingenza ukwakhiwa kohlaka, ikakhulukazi kusukela ekuqaleni, kube inselele kunengxenye eyodwa enobuningi bengxenye ephakeme nobunkimbinkimbi.Ucansi,” kusho uSpalding."I-engeli nendawo yezingxenye ingaba nomthelela omangalisayo ekusebenzeni."
“Izindleko ezivamile zebhayisikili zihlanganisa izinto eziyisisekelo ezingaba ngu-40 ezivela kubahlinzeki abahlukahlukene abangaba ngu-30,” kunezela uZak Pashak, umongameli weDetroit Bicycle Company.Inkampani yakhe eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala itholakala esakhiweni sezitini esingamakiwe eWest Side yaseDetroit, phambilini okwakuyinkampani yophawu.
Le mboni engu-50,000 square foot ihlukile ngoba yenza lonke ibhayisikili ngesandla kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni, kuhlanganise nohlaka namasondo.Njengamanje, imigqa emibili yomhlangano ikhiqiza isilinganiso samabhayisikili angaba ngu-50 ngosuku, kodwa ifektri ingakhiqiza amabhayisikili angaba ngu-300 ngosuku.Ukushoda komhlaba wonke kwezingxenye okuye kwakhubaza yonke imboni yamabhayisikili kuvimbela inkampani ekwandiseni ukukhiqizwa.
Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza amabhrendi ayo, okuhlanganisa imodeli edumile yabagibeli bakaSparrow, iDetroit Bicycle Company iphinde ibe ngumkhiqizi wenkontileka.Ihlanganise amabhayisikili ezimpahla zika-Dick's Sporting kanye nezindiza ezenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo zemikhiqizo efana ne-Faygo, i-New Belgium Brewing ne-Toll Brothers.Njengoba u-Schwinn esanda kugubha iminyaka engu-125, i-Detroit Bikes ikhiqize uchungechunge olukhethekile lwamamodeli angama-500 Collegiate.
NgokukaPashak, amafreyimu amabhayisikili amaningi akhiqizwa phesheya kwezilwandle.Nokho, inkampani yakhe eneminyaka engu-10 ihlukile kulo mkhakha ngoba isebenzisa insimbi ye-chrome ukuhlanganisa amafreyimu enziwe e-United States.Iningi labakhiqizi bamabhayisikili basekhaya basebenzisa amafreyimu abo angenisiwe.Ezinye izingxenye ezifana namathayi namasondo nazo zithengwa kwamanye amazwe.
“Sinamandla okukhiqiza insimbi yangaphakathi asenza sikwazi ukukhiqiza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwebhayisikili,” kuchaza uPashak.“Inqubo iqala ngokusika nokugoba kube amapayipi ensimbi aluhlaza anokwakheka nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.Lezi zingxenye zamashubhu zibe sezifakwa ku-jig bese zishiselwa ndawonye ukwenza uhlaka lwebhayisikili.
Ngaphambi kokuthi kupendwe yonke into, amabakaki asetshenziswa ukulungisa amabhuleki namakhebula egiya nawo azoshiselwa ohlakeni,” kusho uPashak.“Imboni yamabhayisikili ihamba ngendlela ezenzakalayo, kodwa njengamanje senza izinto ngendlela yakudala ngoba asinazo izinombolo ezanele zokuthi kungani sitshala imali emshinini ozishintshayo.”
Ngisho nemboni enkulu yamabhayisikili e-United States ayivamisile ukusebenzisa i-automation, kodwa lesi simo sizoshintsha.Isitshalo se-BCA eManning, eSouth Carolina sinomlando weminyaka eyisikhombisa futhi sihlanganisa indawo engamamitha-skwele angama-204,000.Ikhiqiza amabhayisikili emakethe amaningi e-Amazon, Home Depot, Target, Wal-Mart namanye amakhasimende.Inemigqa emibili yomhlangano ohambahambayo-owodwa owebhayisikili elinesivinini esisodwa nowodwa wamabhayisikili anamajubane amaningi-angakhiqiza izimoto ezifika ku-1,500 ngosuku, ngaphezu kwendawo yokusebenzela yesimanje yokugqoka impushana.
I-BCA iphinde isebenzise indawo yokuhlanganisa engu-146,000 wamamitha-skwele amamayela ambalwa.Igxile kumabhayisikili enziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nemikhiqizo ye-batch encane ekhiqizwa emigqeni yokuhlanganisa eyenziwa ngesandla.Kodwa-ke, iningi lemikhiqizo ye-BCA ikhiqizwa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
"Nakuba senze okuningi eSouth Carolina, yenza cishe u-15% wemali yethu engenayo," kusho u-Arnold Kamler, oyi-CEO ye-Kent International.“Kusadingeka ukuthi sithenge kwamanye amazwe cishe zonke izingxenye esizihlanganisayo.Kodwa-ke, sikhiqiza amafreyimu, izimfoloko, izibambo kanye namarimu e-United States.
“Nokho, ukuze sisebenze, indawo yethu entsha kufanele ibe ngemishini emikhulu,” kuchaza uKamler.“Kumanje sithenga izinsiza kusebenza esizidingayo.Sihlela ukuthi lesi sikhungo siqale ukusebenza eminyakeni emibili.
“Umgomo wethu uwukunciphisa isikhathi sokubeletha,” kuphawula uKamler, osesebenze ebhizinisini lomkhaya iminyaka engu-50.“Sifuna ukwazi ukuzibophezela kumodeli ethile kusasele izinsuku ezingama-30.Manje, ngenxa yokuhlinzekwa kwempahla phesheya kwezilwandle, kufanele senze isinqumo futhi si-ode izingxenye kusasele izinyanga eziyisithupha.”
"Ukuthola impumelelo yesikhathi eside, sidinga ukungeza okuzenzakalelayo okwengeziwe," kusho uKamler.“Imboni yethu isivele inemishini yokukhiqiza amasondo.Ngokwesibonelo, sinomshini ofaka izipika endaweni yamasondo nomunye umshini oqondisa isondo.
“Nokho, ngakolunye uhlangothi lwefektri, ulayini wokuhlanganisa usasebenza kakhulu, awuhlukile kangako endleleni owawuyiyo eminyakeni engu-40 edlule,” kusho uKamler.“Kumanje sisebenzisana namanyuvesi ambalwa ukuxazulula le nkinga.Sithemba ukuthi sizosebenzisa amarobhothi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eminyakeni emibili ezayo.”
Umqondisi Omkhulu we-Fanuc America Corp Global Account uJames Cooper wanezela: “Siyabona ukuthi abakhiqizi bamabhayisikili baya ngokuya bethanda amarobhothi, ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezikhiqiza amabhayisikili amile namabhayisikili kagesi, avame ukuba asindayo.”Imboni, amabhayisikili Ukubuya kwemisebenzi yebhizinisi kuzogqugquzela ukwanda kwesidingo sokuzishintshashintsha ngokuzayo.”
Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, iWest Side yaseChicago yayiyisikhungo sokukhiqiza amabhayisikili.Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1880 kuya ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, inqwaba yenkampani i-Windy City yakhiqiza amabhayisikili ngemibala ehlukahlukene, izimo kanye nosayizi.Eqinisweni, ingxenye enkulu yekhulu lama-20, amabhayisikili angaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zawo wonke amabhayisikili athengiswa e-United States ayebuthelwe eChicago.
Enye yezinkampani zakuqala kulo mkhakha, i-Loring & Keene (owayengumkhiqizi wamapayipi), yaqala ukukhiqiza uhlobo olusha lwedivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi “ibhayisikili” ngo-1869. Ngawo-1890, ingxenye yeLake Street yayaziwa endaweni ngokuthi “iqembu lamabhayisikili. ” ngoba yayiyikhaya labakhiqizi abangaphezu kuka-40.Ngo-1897, izinkampani ezingu-88 zaseChicago zakhiqiza amabhayisikili angu-250,000 ngonyaka.
Izimboni eziningi zingamafekthri amancane, kodwa ezimbalwa seziyizinkampani ezinkulu, zakha ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ngobuningi obagcina semukelwe imboni yezimoto.I-Gormully & Jeffery Manufacturing Co. ibingomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bamabhayisikili e-United States kusukela ngo-1878 kuya ku-1900. Isebenza ngu-R. Philip Gormully kanye no-Thomas Jeffery.
Ekuqaleni, u-Gormully & Jeffery bakhiqize amapeni anamasondo aphezulu, kodwa ekugcineni bahlakulela uchungechunge lwamabhayisikili "ophephile" oluphumelelayo ngaphansi kohlobo lweRambler.Le nkampani yatholwa yi-American Bicycle Company ngo-1900.
Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, uThomas Jeffery waqala ukukhiqiza izimoto zeRambler efektri engamakhilomitha angu-50 enyakatho yeChicago eKenosha, eWisconsin, futhi waba iphayona lokuqala embonini yezimoto yaseMelika.Ngochungechunge lokuhlanganisa nokutholwa, inkampani kaJeffrey yagcina iguquke yaba yizimoto zaseMelika kanye neChrysler.
Omunye umkhiqizi ohlakaniphile yi-Western Wheel Works, eyake yaphatha imboni yamabhayisikili enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ohlangothini olusenyakatho ye-Chicago.Ngawo-1890s, inkampani yaphayona ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ngobuningi obufana neshidi lensimbi yokugxiviza kanye nokushisela ukumelana.I-Western Wheel Works iyinkampani yokuqala yamabhayisikili yaseMelika ukusebenzisa izingxenye zensimbi ezinezitembu ukuze ihlanganise imikhiqizo yayo, okuhlanganisa nohlobo lwe-Crescent oludayiswa kakhulu.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka, inkosi yomkhakha wamabhayisikili kube ngu-Arnold, Schwinn & Co. Le nkampani yasungulwa ngo-1895 ngumkhiqizi osemusha wamabhayisikili waseJalimane ogama lakhe lingu-Ignaz Schwinn, owathuthela e-United States futhi wazinza eChicago ekuqaleni kwawo-1890.
U-Schwinn uthuthukise ubuciko bokubhula nokushisela insimbi ye-tubular ukuze adale uhlaka oluqinile, olungasindi.Ukugxila kukhwalithi, idizayini edonsa amehlo, amandla okuthengisa angenakuqhathaniswa kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka oluhlanganisiwe oluqondile lusiza inkampani ukuthi ibe namandla embonini yamabhayisikili.Ngo-1950, ibhayisikili elilodwa kwamane athengiswa e-United States kwakunguShwinn.Le nkampani yakhiqiza amabhayisikili angu-1 million ngo-1968. Kodwa-ke, i-Schwinn yokugcina eyenziwe e-Chicago yenziwa ngo-1982.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-22-2021